Piece Of Knowledge About Infants

NORMAL CRYING CHILD :
 Crying is normal for any infant and it begin straight after birth. We cannot dismiss crying as a reaction caused by ‘bad’ things. Normal crying happens through the first 12 weeks and then gradually subsides. A baby showing normal fussing has a predictable feeding pattern  (Neifert, 2009, p. 36). This helps their parents prepare well for feeding time and therefore reducing the habit to some extent. Normal fussing is also said to increase in the first two weeks and reaches its peak at six weeks. Normal babies fuss at least once per day implying that they have one fussing period in a day. This period may appear first in the middle of the night but later migrate into late afternoons to evenings. These periods are characterized by frequent feeding and demand for constant handling when not feeding. Normal crying cause a lot of gassing in babies and not vice versa as many people believe although the gas might be a cause for crying.
 
 INFANT TEMPERATURE :
Baby cries are normally associated with an increase in body temperature. This does not mean that the baby cannot cry in response to cold or low temperatures (Hauck et al. 2003, p. 1254). This problem is rare as most parents are successful in clothing their children with warmth clad. However, most baby cries are associated with abnormal increase in temperature. This condition is referred to as fever. Most fever are not serious as the may indicate the bodies response to infection though they can greatly affect a baby. Fevers of 38.4 to 39.5 degree centigrade are not very serious but they make the baby cry a lot too (1256). High fevers of up to 40 degree centigrade are considered fatal and are even worse in causing child cry. Fevers have been known to cause bouts of lethargy in babies, which may manifest in excessive crying. High temperatures cause a lot of irritability in babies. The baby may remain restless and depict some signs of discomfort in a particular environment.

Tips To Write An Effective Speech n Deliver Too

Ten Strategies For Crafting Excellent Speeches

1. Prepare Early. Begin gathering material for your speech right away. As you learn more about your topic, new ideas for writing and organizing it will automatically come to you.

2. Be Audience-Centered. Everything you write should be with the needs of the audience in mind. Aim all your efforts at helping the audience understand what you are saying.

3. Start At The End First. Write the conclusion of your talk right away. Decide what you want the audience to do or to think as a result of your speech. Then write the talk using that as a guide.

4. Write For The Ear, Not The Eye. Experienced writers know that every medium and project has its own language, cadence, style and structure. Don't write the speech to be read. You need to write your speech so when your audience hears it, they get it.

5. Make Rough Drafts First And Polish Later. Don't needlessly pressure yourself by trying to write the perfect speech at the outset. The best speeches come only after many, many re-writes.

6. Put Your Own Spin On The Material. You may block your creative juices if you think everything you say has to be original. Don't worry about being unique, just put your personal spin on it. The audience wants to hear your personal point of view.

7. Make Only Three Main Points. It is always tempting to tell as much as you can about a subject, but this will confuse and overwhelm your audience. Keep your major points to three and your audience will find it easier to follow your speech organization.

8. Craft A Take-away Line. When people can't make a speaker's session, they ask others who were there, "What did the speaker talk about?" What they say you said is your take-away line. You'd like people to walk out with that nugget. It's like creating street buzz for yourself.

9. Decide The Minimum Your Audience Needs To Know. What is the very least the audience needs to know about your topic? What is the most critical? Leave out material that would be "nice to know". You probably won't have time for it anyhow.

10. Write Using The WIIFM principle. WIIFM is when your audience responds to your material by asking themselves "What's In It For Me?" People are really only interested in material that affects them. After writing any piece of material, no matter how brilliant, apply the WIIFM principle and judge if your audience will care about it and use it.

Three Bonus Tips For Writing A Great Speech

1. Write As If You Are Conversing With One Person. How many times have you felt the speaker was talking directly only to you? This phenomenon is in part an acting and speaking technique, but it also stems from how the speech is written. As you write, picture one person and what you want to say to them. Then write the speech.

2. Decide What You Want Your Audience To Do Or Think Differently As A Result Of Your Speech. There is really only one reason to give a speech. That's to have your audience either make a change in their thinking or their behavior. Otherwise, what's the point? Decide what you want for them and then write your speech around that.

3. Use "Audience-Involvement" Devices. To bring the audience into your talk and to make sure they are engaged, craft numerous interactive techniques. These can be questions, exercises, role plays, verbal quizzes and other ways that get them actively involved with your material.
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Spend More Time In Planning Careers N Not Vacations......

What are your:

1) Specific talents and skills.
2) The type of people with whom you work best.
3) Your work values (what is required for you to be happy in your job?).
4) Under what circumstances do you feel you are making a genuine difference?

Take charge

Update your resume every six months to add your new accomplishments. If you find you have none to add, look for a new challenging assignment and volunteer to take it. Work out of your job class whenever you can, as this will help you gain the skills to advance. Volunteer for committees and projects where you can meet new people, broaden your opportunities and gain new skills. Be your own career advancement specialist. Today's job market needs 'take charge' people!

Value yourself as a professional

Value your work as a professional. It takes great organisational skill, customer service, sales, and prioritising skills to succeed in a career. It is a difficult and very important front line job. Remember, often you are the person that is a customer's first contact with your company and you have the potential to make a great relationship and impression! Secondly, take advantage of every opportunity to build professional development skills in speaking, time management, customer service, computer software, office management, and any other area of expertise that interests you. Write down your own professional goals every January and commit to them!

Be proactive, not reactive

Be proactive, not reactive. Stay in touch with the job market in your area. Always be on the lookout for new opportunities, even if you are happy with your current situation. You never know when something may change. Make networking a common activity. When you take the initiative to make things happen in your career, you will be amazed at the possibilities you can uncover.

How Parents Can Help Their Children In The transition from Home To School

Get your children kitted out well in advance and do take their advice while selecting their gear for the term. This would add to the excitement of school re-opening!

You could take your children through their daily routines a week before re-opening day to get them used to the new schedule. Mock drills like this teach them the importance of punctuality and time management.

Start daily routines that will add to continuity. Let your child become involved with packing lunch or laying out clothes. Also, begin an earlier bedtime several weeks before.

Be enthusiastic about the upcoming change. If you are excited and confident, your child will be, too.

Prepare yourself. Take note of how your child reacts to separation. If possible, visit the new setting with your child. Introduce your child to the new teacher or early childhood professional in advance.

Arrange a play date with another child from the programme, preferably a one-on-one basis, so that your child will see a familiar face when she walks in.

Put aside extra time, particularly on the first day, for chatting and commuting together.

Always say good-bye to your child. Be firm, but friendly about separating. Make supportive statements like, "it's hard to say good-bye".

At the end of the work day, put aside your concerns and focus on being a parent.

Of course, children (as well as moms!), will still count the months till their next vacation but then..... that's another how to!

Its Time For Yet Another Year At School........

t's that time of the year again. Early mornings, time tables, packed lunches, home work, classes, PTA meetings...you're back to your hectic routine.

Back to school often means changes for children and families: the first day of kindergarten or first grade; new pre-schools or child care settings; new classrooms and new teachers. Making a smooth transition between home and school can help children feel good about themselves.

Transitions are exciting opportunities for children to learn and grow. Parents and early childhood professionals share a role in making children feel safe and secure as they move to new educational settings. Of course, such milestones in children's lives can cause anxiety, too. Strengthening the ties between school programmes and families will help create smooth transitions for both parents and children.

Make MEMORISATION easier

Use mnemonic devices to make memorization easier

Mnemonics (the initial “m” is silent) are clues of any kind that help us remember something, usually by helping us associate the information we want to remember with a visual image, a sentence, or a word.

Mnemonic device	Technique	Example
Visual image	Associate a visual image with a word or name to help you remember them better. Positive, pleasant images that are vivid, colorful, and three-dimensional will be easier to remember.	To remember the name Rosa Parks and what she’s known for, picture a woman sitting on a park bench surrounded by roses, waiting as her bus pulls up.
Acrostic (or sentence)	Make up a sentence in which the first letter of each word is part of or represents the initial of what you want to remember.	The sentence “Every good boy does fine” to memorize the lines of the treble clef, representing the notes E, G, B, D, and F.
Acronym	An acronym is a word that is made up by taking the first letters of all the key words or ideas you need to remember and creating a new word out of them.	The word “HOMES” to remember the names of the Great Lakes: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior.
Rhymes and alliteration	Rhymes, alliteration (a repeating sound or syllable), and even jokes are a memorable way to remember more mundane facts and figures.	The rhyme “Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November” to remember the months of the year with only 30 days in them.
Chunking	Chunking breaks a long list of numbers or other types of information into smaller, more manageable chunks.	Remembering a 10-digit phone number by breaking it down into three sets of numbers: 555-867-5309 (as opposed to5558675309).
Method of loci	Imagine placing the items you want to remember along a route you know well or in specific locations in a familiar room or building.	For a shopping list, imagine bananas in the entryway to your home, a puddle of milk in the middle of the sofa, eggs going up the stairs, and bread on your bed.

To remember is important than learning

Tips for enhancing your ability to learn and remember

• Pay attention. You can’t remember something if you never learned it, and you can’t learn something—that is, encode it into your brain—if you don’t pay enough attention to it. It takes about eight seconds of intense focus to process a piece of information into your memory. If you’re easily distracted, pick a quiet place where you won’t be interrupted.
• Involve as many senses as possible.  Try to relate information to colors, textures, smells and tastes. The physical act of rewriting information can help imprint it onto your brain.Even if you’re a visual learner, read out loud what you want to remember. If you can recite it rhythmically, even better.
• Relate information to what you already know. Connect new data to information you already remember, whether it’s new material that builds on previous knowledge, or something as simple as an address of someone who lives on a street where you already know someone.
• For more complex material, focus on understanding basic ideas rather than memorizing isolated details. Practice explaining the ideas to someone else in your own words.
• Rehearse information you’ve already learned. Review what you’ve learned the same day you learn it, and at intervals thereafter. This “spaced rehearsal” is more effective than cramming, especially for retaining what you’ve learned

EDUCATION

Education in the largest sense is any act or experience that has a formative effect on the mind, character or physical ability of an individual. In its technical sense, education is the process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, and values from one generation to another. Education is the art of learning.
Etymologically, the word education is derived from educare (Latin) "bring up", which is related to educere "bring out", "bring forth what is within", "bring out potential" and ducere, "to lead".^[1]
Teachers in educational institutions direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects, including reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. This process is sometimes called schooling when referring to the education of teaching only a certain subject, usually as professors at institutions of higher learning. There is also education in fields for those who want specific vocational skills, such as those required to be a pilot. In addition there is an array of education possible at the informal level, such as in museums and libraries, with the Internet and in life experience. Many non-traditional education options are now available and continue to evolve. One of the most substantial uses in education is the use of technology. Classrooms of the 21st century contain interactive white boards, iPads, iPods, laptops, etc. Teachers are encouraged to embed these technological devices in the curriculum in order to enhance students learning and meet the needs of various types of learners.
A right to education has been created and recognized by some jurisdictions: since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations' International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13