Literacy in India is key for socio-economic progress,[1] and the Indian literacy rategrew to 74.04% in 2011 from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947.[2][3] Although this was a greater than sixfold improvement, the level is well below the world average literacy rate of 84%,[4] and India currently has the largest illiterate population of any nation on earth.[5] Despite government programs, India's literacy rate increased only "sluggishly,"[6] and a 1990 study estimated that it would take until 2060 for India to achieve universal literacy at then-current rate of progress.[7] The 2011 census, however, indicated a 2001-2011 decadal literacy growth of 9.2%, which is the slower than the growth seen during the previous decade.
There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in 2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women. [8] The low female literacy rate has had a dramatically negative impact on family planning and population stabilization efforts in India. Studies have indicated that female literacy is a strong predictor of the use of contraception among married Indian couples, even when women do not otherwise have economic independence.[9] The census provided a positive indication that growth in female literacy rates (11.8%) was substantially faster than in male literacy rates (6.9%) in the 2001-2011 decadal period, which means the gender gap appears to be narrowing.[10]
No comments:
Post a Comment